Gender Roles Of Women And Women - 1535 Words

Everyday you hear women and men being compared in life. A majority of the time it is in a form of men being more superior than women rather it s stereotypes, appearances, or money; Men usually end up more dominant. Society tends to assume that men are more capable than women in all aspects throughout life. These postulations have commenced before we were even born. Men are expected to constantly be working and providing the home for the women and children; Women are assumed to be cleaning, cooking and taking care of the children in the house. There multitudinous assumptions made towards men and women affect the way we live. Expectations like these are why patriarchal societies are composed. Patriarchal society means that men over rule the women in many ways and are more dominant causing a contrasting way of life. It has become more instinctive for humans to think this particular way because they are being circumvented by these assumptions everyday. Throughout literature, it is clear that men and women make gender role assumptions during all different time frames forming patriarchal societies. From the novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, and Beautiful Disaster by Jamie McGuire the male characters show how they specifically formed a patriarchal society with how dominant they are to the women characters in the novels due to the assumptions that men and women make about gender roles. Gender roles are an astronomically immense part in maleShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Women And Women1524 Words   |  7 PagesGender refers to the masculine and feminine attributes assigned to either sex. Culture and biology determine the moral, intellectual, and emotional differences between males and females. Biology partially determines gender constructions of men and women. A woman’s ability to conceive or a man’s natural strength are all examples of biological gender. However, I believe a larger proportion of personal gender is formulated through cultural believes and values. Cultures create gender through social practicesRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1630 Words   |  7 Pagesallow freedom for women, freedom for men, freedom from those sharply defined gender roles â€Å" (Fred Ward). I agree with this quote because in today’s society gender defines the roles of what a male and a female can do. What is gender? Gender, according to the Merriam Webster dictionary, is the state of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones). The term gender is only used when we describe how men and women are different in aRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1677 Words   |  7 PagesGender is one of the greatest factors that can determine how we define ourselves and others. Although gender is determined at birth for many, it does not influence one s identity of self until a later age. How society views the roles of each g ender influences how a person views themselves. As the views changes, so does one’s identity. In the past, the roles of men and women were defined and separated. Men were expected to provide income for the family, while women were expected to take care of theRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1536 Words   |  7 PagesMen and women have very different expectations and roles in the work force. In the past almost all corporations have discriminated against gender, especially women. Whether it is women not being allowed certain positions and/or promotions at a job, or women not being allowed into the field of work that they desire at all. Women have also been discriminated by being payed lower wage and made to work longer hours in unsafe and unhealthy work environments. Gender roles set expectations that are extremelyRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1512 Words   |  7 Pages1.a Gender roles are how a society believes a man or women should act based on their gender . Each society has its own gender roles, where a man might be expected to do something in one society a woman might be expected to do it in another one. An example of gender roles affecting women is that women are expected to take care of the housework and so they do chores around the house even if they have a job. Men are expected to be the breadwinner and support his family financially. Men are not expectedRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women892 Words   |  4 Pages Gender roles are a set of behaviors that indicate that a person should fit in to a category of either being male or female. This is society’s concept of how men and women are expected to behave. These gender roles were commonly accepted before the twenty-first century. Society viewed males as being the main financial providers for their family whereas women were viewed as the maker of the home, raising and taking care their children. Men were expected to be strong, athletic,aggressive,and dominantRead More Gender Roles Of Women And Women2066 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout history, gender roles were portrayed based on their physical appearance and the ability to do things. Men were always considered the caretakers and protectors of their homes and never had to worry about what kind of outfit they had to wear the next day. Men were free to roam around in whatever clothing that appealed to them and no one seemed to care. However, in the case of women, they were the ones who did the house work all day and if she wanted to get an education that was somethingRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women2359 Words   |  10 PagesMen and women are consistently sexualized and misrepresented in the media. These misrepresentations have serious implications on society and both sexes are constrained by these ideals. These ideal depictions of masculine and feminine are threatening to the already distorted gender roles. The media standards for beauty are outrageous and simply unattainable, putting immense pressure on women today. Moreover media targeting men present a constant theme of hyper masculinity that is normalized inRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women1662 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Roles â€Å"Gender is the costume, a mask, a straightjacket in which men and women dance their unequal dance† (Kearl). Throughout history, women have been treated with unequal and unjust standards in comparison to their male counterparts. This paper will discuss gender roles in society and the stereotypes placed on men and women. As well as gender role development and the different influences that lead to these roles and stereotypes. Also, it will outline the history and progress of women’sRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women876 Words   |  4 PagesA gender role is simply a behavior that may be learned by a person that is so called â€Å"accepted† into society or a cultural normality. For example, men are known for supporting the family the most such as keeping the food on the table and being most of the income that comes into the household. Women on the other hand are normally looked upon as house cleaners, childcare givers, and less responsible jobs inside the house. Gender stereotypes are a little bit different; this is a way of seeing someone

Teaching Writing Informal Letters - 8861 Words

Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Chapter I. General notion of writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1.1.Writing skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 1.2. The importance of effective writing skills†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 1.3. Informal writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.4. Letter writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 1.5. Different types of letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Chapter II.Teaching writing informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 2.1. Informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 2.2. Writing informal letter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 2.3. Types of informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..20 2.4. Exercises for teaching writing informal†¦show more content†¦In this context, the role of writing is little different from its role in any other subject; it allows students to see how they are progressing and to get feedback from the teacher, to monitor and diagnose problems. Successful writing depends on more than the ability to produce clear and correct sentences. Writing tasks which have whole texts as their outcome relate appropriately to the ultimate goal of those learners who need to write English in their social, educational or professional lives. Some students know already what they need to be able to write in English. Others may be uncertain about the nature of their future needs. Our role as teachers is to build communicative potential. Many students have to prove their competence in English and sometimes in other subjects by producing compositions for examinations. [1; 25] Classroom writing tasks should reflect the ultimate goal of enabling students to write whole texts which form connected, contextualized, and appropriate pieces of communication. One approach to writing is to look at instance of writing and to analyse the features of the written text. This will tell us something about what students have to produce. It is possible to build up a list of ‘skills’ that writers need: - getting the grammar right; -Show MoreRelatedCommunication in Health and Social Care1156 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding by nodding. 5 types of communication Verbal communication refers to the use of sounds and language to relay a message. It serves as a vehicle for expressing desires, ideas and concepts and is vital to the processes of learning and teaching. In combination with nonverbal forms of communication, verbal communication acts as the primary tool for expression between two or more people. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversationRead MoreAccommodations And Differentiation : Struggling Students Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesAccommodations and Differentiation: Accommodations: Struggling students who are on IEP’s will have Para to help them with the writing. There are two students on IEP’s that will be at the same table with a Para who will help them with their individual writing. The teacher will walk around the class and double check the struggling student’s understanding of the material, as well as other students. Differentiation for higher achieving students: Students will be asked to write another sentence includingRead MoreAssessing The Classroom Abilities Of The Target Student1567 Words   |  7 Pagescompile a holistic view of the reader. When teachers can identify student strengths and weaknesses, they can make informed decisions to guide their teaching. At the same, they can create activities targeted to increase student reading performance. Throughout this paper, I will exemplify the information gained during the administration of reading informal assessments. Likewise, I will provide examples of activities that I can incorporate to prove the reading abilities of the target student. During theRead MoreThe Code Switching Language Teaching1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe code switching language taught me a new way to reach my future students on a grammatical level in any part of the state I choose to teach in. Code-switching is teaching that informal and formal language is neither incorrect nor correct but which form is appropriate for the situation that the student is in. The method improves grammar and the students grasp on written and spoken English, while not focusing on the students’ ability to write a correct sentence. While learning about code-switchingRead MoreReading And Writing On Student Learning876 Words   |  4 Pagesreading, it also covers writing, another important literacy skill. I believe that reading and writing should go hand in hand. Reading can enhance writing and vice versa. I understand that some teachers consider reading first before writing because of interpreting reading as a tool to access knowledge and writing as a tool to demons trate that knowledge. However, to me, which skill should come first is not as important as the fact that without one, the other cannot exist. One writing strategy from thisRead MoreHow to Learn English1560 Words   |  7 Pageslearn English as a second language. No matter what the reason is that you are learning English, you want to make sure that you can learn it quickly and effectively as well. Whether you are learning English in a class, on your own, or with language teaching software, there are certain things that you can do to make sure that you learn the language effectively. So, here are a few tips to keep in mind that will help you on your journey towards learning the English language. Tip #1- Make Sure You WANTRead MorePROBLEM What is the one subject area that suffers the most during testing? Writing is our country’s1300 Words   |  6 PagesPROBLEM What is the one subject area that suffers the most during testing? Writing is our country’s greatest failure. We need to teach better writing and that happens through better instruction in language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies. Writing can be explained through reading, note taking, and journaling. Students do not write enough and their writing is not from a varied amount of genres, such as expository, narrative, descriptive, persuasive, and journaling and note taking. MyRead MoreI m Not Good At Remembering Things About My Childhood874 Words   |  4 Pagesbasic education in Kindergarten, elementary school, junior high school and high school. My earliest memory about learning to write is when I was in first grade of elementary school, I remember me writing on my little notebook the vowels and consonants. I used to do handwriting exercises to improve the letter shapes and my mom helped me to do that. About a reading memory, I can’t say too much I don’t remember any text nor book, just the texts that were in the school books. I remember that my mother usedRead MoreThe Role Of Effective Communication And Interpersonal Communication1608 Words   |  7 Pagesone communication requires skills such as listening, giving information and questioning.  Ã‚         Formal and informal communication  Ã‚   Formal is a serious conversation which could be reporting an accident to your manager and handing over details of work to your colleague.   Informal is between people who know each other well and start with ‘Hi, how are you?’ people generally communicates more informal to people they know but in some place people would address others as love and they might me someone theyRead MoreArabic Language As A Language964 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage has not generally been taught or used for communication sake. I learned Arabic literacy at the same time that I learned to read and write in my first language. As a kid, I spent my time studying at formal school from 7 am to 12 pm and had informal school where I learned Arabic literacy afterward until 4 pm. With such a busy schedule of schooling, I still wonder what went wrong that I was only capable of reading both in Arabic and Indonesian fluently only when I was at my 2nd grade of school

Use Of Overcompensating In Organic Farming - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Use Of Vermicomposting In Organic Farming. Answer: Method of investigation In order to develop a good understanding about the background of the problem, information has been gathered from the existing scientific literature on the palm oil. The information that is gathered is relevant for understanding how the earlier researches have defined the issues and problems of palm oil related to sustainability. Furthermore, the other information are gathered through various research tools such as journal articles and internet. Aim and Research question The aim of his report is to identify and analyze the impact of palm oil production in the world. Several issues are revolving around the production of palm oil. It is widely accepted that the palm oil is highly beneficial in many ways. It is used in several kinds of products and is in high demand by the brands that need it. There is high demand of palm oil products among the consumers as well. The developing countries today that are manufacturing and producing the palm oil needs to develop their economies and depend on the revenue. Hence, here raises the question that Whether or not the citizen of the developing countries is benefited directly from the generated profit of the palm oil production? Is there enough palm oil to meet this huge demand? Is there any alternative for the palm oil? Has the Scientific Community found a replacement or more efficient way to grow and produce the oil with less impact on the environment? Body of Analysis Challenges in the palm oil cultivation and production Due to high market for palm oil among the people, the cultivation of palm oil has enlarged largely in the last ten years than any other crop. However, there are few adverse affects of this plantation expansion, which is required to set against the positive properties of this flourishing commodity. The changes related to the land use that it entails as well as the deriving environmental affects have therefore engaged many debate among the public, scientists and the policy makers and this has resulted in the formation of clear grounds for depreciating the production of palm oils. It has been observed that the production of palm oil has resulted in loss of rainforest, emission of carbon dioxide and violation of human rights. Fig. 1 The development of the palm oil production areas from different production groups in Indonesia (Brandi et al. 2012) As the oil palms are cultivated mainly in the tropical climate, a large area of rainforests are deforested in order to make a path for the palm trees, which emits a quite amount of greenhouse gases that are released as an outcome of slash-and-burn. This problem is acute in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, which produces about 85% of the worlds total palm oil. In the year 2015, near about 1.7 million hectares of the rainforest were felled only for the cultivation of oil palm (Paltseva, Searle and Malins 2016). Due to shortage of uncultivated in South-East Asia, the investors and the companies of palm oil are increasingly shifting to the West Africa and Latin America. Due to the destruction of rainforest, palm oil is playing a vital role in the global extinction of species. Species such as Orang-utan are under the threat as well. Various researchers have found that the demolition of virgin forest and constant fragmentation is creating a catastrophic consequence for the bats. Not only is the diversity of species, in fact, the genetic diversity within a particular species also at threat (Cadotte, Albert and Walker 2013). The destruction of rainforest s also resulting in the increase of constituency of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as for making way for the plantation of palm oil, the forests are cleared by the slash-and-burn. The NASA experts had identified that in the year 2015 and that too between the months of August and October, these fires have released near about 600 million tones of greenhouse gases into the earths atmosphere. This is conversely affecting the heath of the human being as well. The reports from the Indonesian plantation areas have revealed that the production of palm oil often demands for violation of human rights on a large scale, in the form of conflicts (over land), social injustice, bad working conditions etc. The plantation workers had to live on the plantation areas with their family, with no contact with the outside world. As a result, the children belonging from these families do not get access to proper education and the workers too receive very low wages. According to the human rights commission of Indonesia, about 30% of the 5000 cases based on the violation of human rights were related to palm oil cultivation (Li 2017). The three pillars of sustainability and their relation to palm oil The three pillars of sustainability as discussed by Hansmann, Mieg Frischknecht (2012), are the development of environmental, economic and social issues. The relation between these three pillars was developed at the very beginning of the nineties. These three dimensions are the key aspects for suitability. Fig. 2 the three pillars for Sustainable development (Hansmann et al., 2012) The issue of the sustainability of palm oil could also be applied to these pillars and it shows both the advantages as well as disadvantages with this commodity. Palm oil is considered to have a positive socio-economic affect on the production nations and is also a tool for the development of rural areas (Brandi et al. 2012). There are numerous advantages of palm oil such as, a long life period as a everlasting source, high yield per one hectare, and numerous application areas. With the same, the disadvantages related to it as mentioned earlier are the reduction of biodiversity, increase of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and conflicts based on land rights. From the literature review, these areas could be eminent from different sources- social, economic and environmental (Tincliffe and Webber 2012) Alternative of palm oil Finding out alternatives for palm oil is not an easy task. Palm oil is one among the most globally used vegetable oils. It is used in varieties of products ranging from shampoos, cooking oils, icings, noodles, biscuits, household cleaning products, cosmetics to crackers. However, the various negative affects surrounding the palm oil is now one of the most debated topic among the researchers and the scientists are therefore finding for a better and more improved alternative for palm oil. Hence, the alternative to the palm oil faces problems as they have dissimilar properties and technical qualities than the palm oil. Teoh (2012) has mentioned that the proponents of the palm oil frequently highlights that the major alternatives, soy, sunflower, and rapeseed oil, only have the production efficiencies as high as that of palm oil, i.e. 10-20%. Hence, there is a need for more land for the production of same amount of oil. Nilsson (2013) has presented that in order to produce the same amoun t of oil as palm oil from the same area of 9.2 hectares, 92.5 hectares of land is required for the production of soybean oil. Furthermore, According to Ali, Al-Hattab and Al-Hydary (2015), the transformation of oils and fats into bio-fuel, could be observed as an attempt that would give a way to the palm oil. In order to keep a good revenue for the soybean oils, the chemical pesticides, easy solvable phosphorus and artificial fertilizers of nitrogen are required (Lim et al. 2015). This use of these products creates other issues, for both the human and the environment. Coconut oil, Avocado oil, and Olive oil are some of the alternatives that could be used in place of palm oils. However, not all the benefits provided by the palm oil would be provided by them but still, the production and cultivation of these resources are not as harmful as that the palm oil. These oils have passed the hurdles of technical feasibility but still, there are few challenges present in terms of acceptabilit y, affordability, and sustainability. In addition, the heterotrophic algal oil can also be considered as an alternative for the same but still, the question rests about their viability. Conclusion Hence, based on the above results and discussion it can be concluded that palm oil has a great impact on the environment as well as on the human health. The expansion of areas for the use of palm oil plantation must be reduced and the focus must be on expanding the yield rather than the land use. Also, It would be favorable to turn more self-sufficient in order to attain a more environmental responsible industry of palm oil. Furthermore, Sustainability is elucidated diversely in between the people of the palm oil industry. The scientific community has presented their views on the negative impact of palm oil production and has suggested different alternatives too but they are still not viable enough as each of the alternatives have some or the other negative aspect. However, the use of coconut oil as a replacement to the palm oil would work. References Ali, M.A., Al-Hattab, T.A. and Al-Hydary, I.A., 2015. Extraction of date palm seed oil (Phoenix Dactylifera) by Soxhlet apparatus.International Journal of Advances in Engineering Technology,8(3), p.261. Brandi, C. , Cabani T., Hosang, C., Schirmbeck, S., Westermann, L. and Wiese, H. 2012. Sustainability certification in the Indonesia palm oil sector Benefits and challenges for smallholders, Bonn: Deutsches Institut fr Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) / German Development Institute. Briefing paper. Cadotte, M., Albert, C.H. and Walker, S.C., 2013. The ecology of differences: assessing community assembly with trait and evolutionary distances.Ecology letters,16(10), pp.1234-1244. Hansmann, R., Mieg, H.A. and Frischknecht, P. 2012. Principal sustainability components: empirical analysis of synergies between the three pillars of sustainability. International Journal of Sustainable Development World Ecology, 19, (5): 451-459. Li, T.M., 2017. After the land grab: Infrastructural violence and the Mafia System in Indonesia's oil palm plantation zones.Geoforum. Lim, S.L., Wu, T.Y., Lim, P.N. and Shak, K.P.Y., 2015. The use of vermicompost in organic farming: overview, effects on soil and economics.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,95(6), pp.1143-1156. Nilsson, S., 2013. Palm oil-towards a sustainable future?: Challanges and opportunites for the Swedish food industry. Paltseva, J., Searle, S. and Malins, C., 2016. Potential for advanced biofuel production from palm residues in Indonesia.International Council on Clean Transportation https://www. theicct. org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_palm% 20residues_2016. pdf. Teoh, C.H., 2012.Key sustainability issues in the palm oil sector. A discussion paper for multi-stakeholders consultations (Commissioned by the World Bank Group). Tincliffe, H. and Webber, D. 2012. Orangutans, deforestation and the problem of palm oil. The Chemical Engineer, (858), 24-25.

Understanding Health Informatics Research †Free Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Health Informatics Research. Answer: Introduction In research, there is a general relationship between the researchers and the involved participants. This lays a basis for conduction of research. The relationship between involved parties in research may broadly fall under various categories including social, economic, political and ethical factors, which impact on research differently (Australian Government, 2014).However, in some cases although scientific research is viewed as objective, these factors may lead to a compromise in the research process at various stages with varying magnitudes depending on the nature of the researchers and the participants(Australian Government, 2014). In this regard, there are various ways in which the social, economic, political and ethical issues can impact on a particular research and evaluation process. As a result, these factors lead to deviations in acquiring accurate research results. Additionally, these factors may also interfere with the evaluation process of particular research findings lea ding to further inaccuracies in research findings (Australian Government, 2014). Social, economic, political and ethical issues impact on research by compromising some fundamental human values that are essential for a successful research and evaluation process (Baum, MacDougall, Daniellesmith, 2006). When these human values fail to be exercised fully during the research period, research is detrimentally affected since the human values are the major factors on which human research is based. Consequently, reduced trust, mutual responsibility and ethical equality reduction due to ignorance of human beings respect, research merits and integrity, beneficence and justice are experienced (Australian Government, 2014). Human values give flexible and clear principles for the design, review and conduction of research. When these values get erased by the social, economic, political and ethical issues during research, there is reduced contribution to societal goals, lack of respect for cultural diversity where some culture seem to dominate over others and general suppression of the cohesion values within a particular set up(Australian Government, 2014). Social Issues Respect is among the most fundamental values necessary for a successful research and evaluation process (NAP, 2017). It is the foundation for recognizing that each human being has value and thus it creates a code of conduct in interaction with all people involved in research, whether a researcher or a participant(NAP, 2017). Respect recognizes human autonomy; the essence and capacity to determine self life and make respected own decisions. It also protects those humans with little or no autonomy and ends up empowering them. When respect is compromised, research is as well affected. For instance, some factors like social status quo impacts negatively on respect (NAP, 2017). Socially superior individuals in the community suppress the views and ideas of the socially inferior as they infringe their respect. This leads to a biased research as it is only the views of the socially superior forwarded and considered fo research findings analysis, interpretation and evaluation (Baum, MacDougal l, Daniellesmith, 2006). Researchers may also prefer to consider the views and ideas of the socially high participants as they regard them more knowledgeable than the less in the community. As a result, research integrity is negatively impacted (NAP, 2017). This is evident in the evaluation procedure where the views of the socially superior in the analysis panel seem to suppress the views of the socially inferior. For instance, in an organizations set up the senior staff may consider their views more informed than the ideas of the junior staff thus compromising the research process (Baum, MacDougall, Daniellesmith, 2006). Political Issues Politically, research may be affected by lack of upholding justice to either the researchers or the research participants. This does not refer literary to judicial justice, but rather it insinuates the act of upholding the well being of others when making some particular decisions in research (Gabr, n.d). This is mostly evident where the politically powerful in a particular set up seem to neglect the well being of other subjects or where a certain decision made during research or evaluation is detrimental to some (Gabr, n.d). Human equality may, thus, be lost with some assuming importance over others. Consequently, the effect may be reflected during research, interfering with research and resulting to research bias (Gabr, n.d). Additionally, researchers may be biased to take sides with the politically powerful in the society especially the government or top officials, thus, over riding the views and the ideas of the less powerful ones in a state (Gabr, n.d). Political issues may also determine the type of research to be conducted where some topics and methodologies may receive more support and funding than others (Gabr, n.d). Finally, there may lack expression of fair distribution of justice in terms of the benefits and burdens of research. The powerful seem to enjoy full benefits while the inferior carry the burden of research. This may also be expressed in terms of unfair procedural recruitment of participants and research review. Recruiters may consider politically powerful at the expense of the less powerful and this leads to biased research as the research participants may be dominated by a particular group with similar interests and ideas (Gabr, n.d).Examples include: politics affecting what researchers study, how they conduct it (e.g participants protection), how the researcher findings are disseminated to their users and how they are finally used. Economic Issues Economically, research may be compromised in various ways. Research may be influenced by the monetary gain by both the participants and the researchers. For instance, in the developing countries participants will tend to be more serious with their participation when there is a direct benefit associated with their participation(Team, 2017). Additionally, the researcher from poor backgrounds will conduct research satisfactorily if there is payment. On the other hand, with the developed countries where both the participants and research handle the procedures with some professionalism, the esearch is not significantly affected(Poland, Jacobson, Tilburt, nichol, 2009). However, participants and the researchers may not have humble time to concentrate on research and thus compromising the quality of the undertaking even in economically stable set ups in some cases (Marshall, 2007).As an example, research funding bodies may prioritize certain research based on the amount of money required, or considerations by funders on whether to support a certain research based on its cost. Ethical Issues Ethical issues may impact on research and evaluation in a number of ways. Both the participants and the researchers recognize some common ethical norms required in successful research. However the interpretation, application and balancing of these ethical norms among different people varies (Resnik, 2015). In these sense, some commonly upheld norms may lead to a bias in research findings based on the interpretation of a particular ethical issue in a specific community. In this regard, the research findings may be biased based on a communitys ethics (Engagement, 2017). For example, different societies may agree that murder is unacceptable but some may compromise with abortion (Resnik, 2015).Privacy and confidentiality may be compromised in some cases, affecting the quality of a research design. Also, the issue of privacy and security system at workplace identified in the previous assignment needs critical analysis in order to give an insight in the serious understanding of its manager ial impacts. The conceptualization critics about these systems will vary depending on the workers individual ethnic stands. Impact on Workplace Problem Solving The issues identified at the workplace in the previous assignment are security and privacy, integration of systems into the workplace and usability. Critical research is able to give insights into the conceptual understandings of managerial impacts of security and privacy. Ethically, workers may hold different interpretations and of varying degrees of seriousness concerning issue which may hinder concession in problem solution in the workplace (Hutton, Eccles, Grimshaw, 2008). Politically and socially, the issue of integration of systems into workplace comes in from the examples in the previous assignments. The changes in workflow, habit and roles of the members in the work setting can be impacted a lot by each members political and social stand. Thus, social, economic, political and ethical issues may be a hindrance to coming up with concrete solutions to issues arising at particular work stations (Hutton, Eccles, Grimshaw, 2008). Impact of Critical Research in Health Informatics Critical research is systematic research to critique the existing information while at the same time trying to decipher what might be missing and thus doing necessary rectification on particular issues (Hutton, Eccles, Grimshaw, 2008). When applied in health informatics, critical research promotes the systematic uptake and embracing of clinical practice and procedures therefore reducing the occurrence of inappropriate care to patients (Hutton, Eccles, Grimshaw, 2008). Critical research findings influence the behavior of health care practitioners and professionals with more emphasis on how treatments can be administered effectively to fill in the gaps indicated during research (Diemert, 2013). Critical research has also led to introduction of technology into the health informatics where there is increased efficiency in acquiring, storing, retrieving, interpretation and application f health information among the professional (Diemert, 2013). Critical research in health informatics also helps to provide important knowledge about diseases. For example, there is increased information about the trends of a particular disease, risk factors and general information concerning the fight against the disease indicating vital procedures required (NCBI, 2009). This enables the health practitioners to further their expertise and carry out their duties in health care more effectively. Various discoveries through critical research in health are shared to different parts through technology, thus making some vital information available to many health workers in different parts of the world saving time and resources for additional researches (NCBI, 2009). For example, the development of Herceptrin as a breast cancer treatment is as a result of critical research using biological samples and patients records (NCBI, 2009). In this regard, critical research has contributed highly to health informatics in to the extent of development of cures for killer diseases like breast cancer. Conclusion Health informatics research is subject to the social phenomena impacts. The social, political, economic and ethical issues prevalent in the research environment may impact the process in various ways. This ultimately affects the research process including recruitment of research assistants and participants due to the economical, political and social issues. Data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, dissemination and use may be affected by political, social, economical and ethical issues. They also impact in solving workplace issues by hindering fast issue resolution and sometimes leading to inappropriate solutions. Critical research has aided in health informatics especially in the quest of cures. In this regard, research is faced by some external factors that may be detrimental to the whole process, though it has impacted positively to health informatics especially when done critically. References Baum, F., MacDougall, C., Daniellesmith. (2006). Participatory Action Research. Journal of Epidemiology and Common Health . Diemert, D. J. (2013). Addressing Ethical, Social, and Cultural issues in Global Health Research. US National Library of Medicine . Engagement, N. c.-o. (2017). Ethical and Social Issues. National co-ordinating Centre for Public Engagement . Gabr, M. (n.d). Health ethics, Equity and human Dignity. Government, A. (2014). Values and Principles of Ethical Conduct. Working to Build a Healthy Australia .Available at:https://www.google.com/search?q=Values+and+Principles+of+Ethical+Conduct.+Working+to+Build+a+Healthy+Australia+.ie=utf-8oe=utf-8client=firefox-b [Accessed May 19, 2017] Hutton, J. L., Eccles, M. P., Grimshaw, J. M. (2008). Ethical Implementation Research: A Discussion of the Problems in Achieveing Informed Consent. Implementation Central . Marshall, P. A. (2007). Ethical Challenges in Study Design and Informed Consent for Health Research in Resource-Poor Setting. World Heath Organisation . NAP. (2017). The Research Environment and Its Impact On Integrity in Research. NAP . Available athttps://www.google.com/search?q=The+Research+Environment+and+Its+Impact+On+Integrity+in+Research.+NAPie=utf-8oe=utf-8client=firefox-b [Accessed May 19, 2017] NCBI. (2009). The Value, Importance and Oversight of Health Research. NCBI . Available at:https://www.google.com/search?q=The+Value%2C+Importance+and+Oversight+of+Health+Research.+NCBI+.ie=utf-8oe=utf-8client=firefox-b [Accessed May 19, 2017] Poland, G. A., Jacobson, R. m., Tilburt, J., nichol, K. (2009). The social, Political, Ethical and Economic Aspects of Biodefence Vaccines. Author Manuscript . Resnik, D. B. (2015). What is Ethics in Reserch and Why is it important? national Institute of Environmental Health Sciences . Team, P. H. (2017). The Impact of Political, Economic, Social-Cultural, Environmental and other External Influences. Health Knowledge .